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Untitled Document
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Oilseed rape |
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Materials of this chapter were published in: Zlotnikov, A.K. Efficiency of
Albit applied together with insecticides on rape. / Zlotnikov, A.K., Sergeev,
V.R., Begunov, I.I., Lebedev, V.B. // Plant protection and quarantine, 2007,
Nr. 8, p. 40.
Nowadays, rape (Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera
Metzg.) is one of the most promising crops. Agricultural lands occupied by
rape fields have been considerably increased over the last years. The
primary reason of such popularity is possibility of using rape seeds as
a source of biofuel (biodiesel). Rape is the crop with high and often
unrevealed potential, which can be realized by efficient plant growth
regulators.
On rape, Albit has been tested since 2005 in field trials of Krasnodar krai,
Saratov, Voronezh and in other oblasts of Russia and also in foreign countries:
Belarus, Ukraine, Germany, Czech Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Finland,
Switzerland and in other countries. Field trials were conducted in Agricultural
Research Institute of South-East oblast, All-Russia Institute of Plant Protection,
All-Russia Institute of Biological Plant Protection, Belarusian State Agricultural
Academy, Latvian State Institute of Field Crops Breeding and also in other
institutes and farms on the following plant varieties: Sherpa, F1 Prometei,
Ratnik, Oniks, hibrid “Tehnik”, NK Octans, Visby, Ability, Galant,
Tavrion, Delight, Vizit, Campino, Banyo and others.
On rape, Albit is applied as antidote for decreasing
of side phytotoxic effect of insecticides and herbicides. In Russia, Albit
is officially registered as a plant growth regulator of
rape. Albit increases field germination, accelerates plant growth and development,
improves plant resistance to unfavorable conditions of environment, provides
defense against plant diseases, decreases stress after herbicide and insecticide
treatments, increases yield, oil content in seed and improves yield quality.
Application recommendations. It is recommended presowing
seed treatment (50-60
mL/t) and 1-2 fold foliar spraying (50-60
mL/hà): first – at the rosette stage–stem elongation (BBCH 20-45), the second
– at the budding stage–beginning of flowering (BBCH 50-65). A higher dose (60
mL/t) is applied for increasing of seed germination. Foliar spraying may be
conducted in tank mix with pesticide treatments according to their recommendations
(from the first half of plant vegetation to the flowering stage inclusively).
The first spraying of winter rape is recommended to conduct in autumn, the
second – in spring. A higher dose (60 mL/ha) is applied for plant immunization
and foliar spraying as antidote after pesticide overdose.
Albit on rape:
- Effective antidote for combined application in tank mix
with insecticides and herbicides. Adding of Albit as antidote to herbicides preserve 16.8%,
19.5% and 28.3% of crop after chemical stress, insecticide
application and in both cases, respectively (data of All-Russia Institute
of Biological Plant Protection, Krasnodar krai, 2007). Albit overcomes symptoms
of chemical stress, which are observed in drought conditions: burns, necrosis,
pause in plant growth, foliar
browning (farm Agrofirma Anyak, Tatarstan Republic, 2010)
- Due to antidote effect, the increasing of rapeseed yield (by
0.17-1.09 t/hà, on average by 0.38 t/hà)
is observed. Adding
of Albit to insecticides gives 4.4 t of extra yield of rape
seeds or 1.3-6 L of rapeseed oil per each used mL of Albit (according
to data of all conducted field
trials since 2010)
- Increases the oil content in seeds by 0.3-1.3%, oil yield
by 83-297 L/hà, weight of 1000 grains by 0.08-45.3 g, the number of pods
per plant by 6.8-41.8 pcs., weight of seed per plant by 0.68-3.8 g (data
of All-Russia Institute of Plant Protection, All-Russia Institute of Biological
Plant Protection)
- Albit has immunizing effect against many diseases: biological
efficacy of Albit against fusariose, blackspot, sclerotinia, black leg –
48%, 21-79%, 31-75% and 50-67%, respectively
- Albit decreases the chlorophyll content in rape seeds
by 1-3.3 abs. % (Västankvarn experimental station, Finland, 2015)
- In the history of agriculture a world record of the
highest rape yield 6.86 t/hà was
obtained in Estonia due to Albit application (Voore farm, Estonia, 2015)
For several years Albit is one of the leading products among the main plant
growth regulators and microfertilizers in Czech market (in field trials of
Czech association of manufacturer of oil-yielding crops, SPZO – Svaz pestitelu
a zpracovatelu olejnin, www.spzo.cz,
Table 1). In 2009-2010, the average yield increase of winter rape was 4.8%,
1 litre of Albit provides additionally 1.46 t of
seeds; in 2010-2011 – 9.5% and 2.68 t,
respectively.
Table 1. Results of field trials
with Albit (Czech association of manufacturer of oil-yielding crops (SPZO),
2-fold with Albit)
Location |
Jizerka |
Pertoltice |
Luze |
Krsice |
Bilovice |
Krasensko |
Season |
2009-2010 |
2010-2011 |
2009-2010 |
2010-2011 |
2009-2010 |
2010-2011 |
2009-2010 |
2010-2011 |
2009-2010 |
2010-2011 |
2009-2010 |
2010-2011 |
Yield of seeds in control, t/ha (at 8% humidity) |
4.00 |
2.44 |
3.87 |
3.20 |
3.59 |
4.70 |
3.36 |
4.19 |
- |
2.86 |
- |
2.92 |
Yield of seeds after Albit treatment, t/ha (at 8% humidity) |
4.39 |
2.61 |
3.90 |
3.19 |
3.82 |
4.94 |
3.50 |
4.64 |
- |
3.33 |
- |
3.52 |
Yield, % from the control |
109.7 |
107.0 |
100.8 |
99.7 |
106.5 |
105.1 |
104.0 |
110.7 |
- |
116.5 |
- |
121.0 |
( - ) field trial was not conducted
Positive influence of Albit was observed already after Albit application
for presowing seed treatment of rape. For example, presowing seed
treatment with Albit increased field germination, accelerated growth and
development of rape seedlings (field trials of All-Russia Institute of Biological
Plant Protection, Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. Influence of presowing seed treatment with Albit (0.06 L/t) on development
of seedlings of spring rape var. Onix (field trials of All-Russia
Institute of Biological Plant Protection, Krasnodar, Russia, 2007)
Seed treatment with Albit contributes to more powerful development of root
system of rape seedlings (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2. Winter rape grown in field trials. Left – presowing seed treatment
with Albit, right – control without Albit treatment (Kustodija, Lithuania,
2011)
Fig. 3. Field of spring rape. Left – 2 fold Albit application, right – control
(farm Suvorovskoe, Vladimir oblast, 2012)
In farm z/s Vaiculevas (Kraslavas, Latvia, 2010), yield increase of spring
rape under Albit treatment was 20%. On photo you can see better development
of plants with more pods, than in control (Fig. 4).
Fig. 4. Influence of Albit on growth and development of rape pods (farm z/s
Vaiculevas, Kraslavas, Latvia, 2010)
After foliar spraying with tank mix Albit + chemical plant protection products,
plants look healthier and stronger, the number of pods per plant more, than
in control (Fig. 5).
Fig. 5. Field samples of winter rape (Magdeburg, Germany, 2012). Control –
fungicide treatment, Albit – treatment with tank mix Albit + fungicide
For treatment of rape, Albit is recommended to be used as an antidote in
mixes with insecticides and herbicides. Albit relieves or completely abolishes
stress action of these chemicals on rape, that provides saving of considerable
part of yield. According to data of All-Russia Institute of Biological Plant
Protection (2007), supplement of herbicide, insecticide and their combination
with Albit provides yield saving of 16.8%, 19.5% and 28.3%, respectively.
Field trials of 2010 and 2011 conducted in Tatarstan Republic (farm Agrofirma
Anyak) clearly demonstrated antidote effect of Albit. Plants were burned due
to herbicide treatments. Only urgent foliar spraying with Albit saved plants
from death: plants restored and gave new vegetative mass and yield.
Due to antidote effect, Albit increases rapeseed yield (by
0.17-1.09 t/hà, on average by 0.38 t/hà). In
the history of agriculture a world record of the highest
rape yield 6.86 t/hà was obtained
by Margus Lepp on the field 39 hà due to Albit application (Voore farm, Estonia,
2015). It is important to note that farmers in the neighboring farms applied
the same pesticides without adding of Albit. Thus, rape yield was lower, than
in farm of Margus Lepp.
In Latvia, Albit was applied on spring rape var. Delight (Latvian
State Institute of Field Crops Breeding, Priekuli, 2013). In drought conditions
Albit application promoted to increasing of rape yield by 10-13% (0.34–0.35
t/hà) vs. control.
Based on many conducted field trials with Albit application, an important regularity
was noted: results after it application are more visible when Albit is
used in unfavourable weather conditions (Fig. 6). In other words, the
lower rape yield in control, the higher yield increase (%%) after Albit application.
Fig. 6. Results of various regions, where Albit was applied on rape
The most efficient way of Albit application is its combination with insecticides.
The insecticide activity remains intact and even increases. Antidote effect
of Albit provides considerable yield increase (up to 93% over control, Table
2). For example, in Switzerland (2011-2012) 60% of blossom weever were exterminated
after insecticide treatment of winter rape. In variant with Albit + insecticide,
100% of blossom weever were exterminated and yield increase was 0.4 t/hà. Combined
application of insecticide + Albit during foliar spraying (at the stage of
stem elongation, flowering) of spring rape decreased the number of pests (crucifer
flea beetle, trips (imago) and summer cabbage fly), than in variant with pure
insecticide treatment (data of All-Russia Institute of Biological Plant Protection,
Krasnodar, 2012). A certain protective effect against pests was observed in
variant with only Albit application (BE 10-20%).
According to data of conducted trials, adding of Albit to insecticides gives
4.4 t of extra yield of rape seeds, 3.2 t of rape seeds on each litre of
Albit or 1.3-6 L of rapeseed oil per each used mL of Albit.
Table 2. Results of field trials on combined application of
Albit with insecticides on rape in Russia
Scientific institute, year |
All-Russia Institute of Plant Protection, 2006 |
All-Russia Institute of Biological Plant Protection, 2006 |
All-Russia Institute of Biological Plant Protection, 2007 |
All-Russia Institute of Biological Plant Protection,
2012 |
Agricultural Institute of South-East, 2005 |
Agricultural Institute of South-East, 2006 |
On average |
Location of trials |
Voronezh oblast |
Krasnodar krai |
Krasnodar krai |
Krasnodar krai |
Saratov oblast |
Saratov oblast |
|
rape |
spring |
winter |
winter |
spring |
spring |
spring |
|
Variety |
Ratnik |
Oniks |
Oniks |
Tavrion |
Vizit |
Ratnik |
|
Insecticide (active ingredient) |
alpha-cypermethrin |
deltamethrin |
deltamethrin |
deltamethrin |
beta-cypermethrin |
beta-cypermethrin |
|
Insect pests |
Meligethes aeneus, Athalia colibri, Entomoscelis
adnidis, Pieris brassicae, Barathra brassicae |
Meligethes aeneus, Eurydema oleraceum, Psylliodes
chrysocephala |
Meligethes aeneus, Psylliodes chrysocephala |
Phyllotreta nigripes, Thrips, Plutella
xylostella, Eurydema oleracea, Delia floralis |
Meligethes aeneus, Eurydema oleracea, Brevicoryne
brassicae |
Meligethes aeneus, Eurydema oleracea, Brevicoryne
brassicae |
|
BE (biological efficacy) of insecticide against complex of pests, % |
94 |
78-98 |
97-99 |
95-100 |
86 |
100 |
78-100 |
BE (biological efficacy) of tank mix insecticide + Albit against
pests, % |
93 |
76-97 |
97-98 |
94.4-100 |
86 |
100 |
76-100 |
Yield of seeds in control (insecticide only), t/ha |
3.53 |
1.3 |
1.13-1.32 |
2.0 |
1.25 |
1.02 |
1.02-3.53 |
Yield of seeds (insecticide + Albit), t/ha |
4.13 |
1.55-1.80 |
1.35-1.45 |
2.37 |
1.56 |
1.67-1.97 |
1.35-4.13 |
Yield of seeds saved due to antidote effect of Albit, t/ha |
0.6 |
0.2-0.5 |
0.13-0.22 |
0.37 |
0.31 |
0.65-0.95 |
0.13-0.95 |
Yield of seeds saved due to antidote effect of Albit, % |
17 |
19-39 |
10-19 |
18.5 |
25 |
94-93 |
10-93 |
Oil content in seeds in control (insecticide only), % |
44.9 |
46.9 |
47.0-47.2 |
— |
— |
— |
44.9-47.2 |
Increase of oil content due to antidote effect of Albit, absolute % |
0.6 |
0.3-1.3 |
0.7-1.0 |
— |
— |
— |
0.3-1.3 |
Oil yield in control (insecticide only), litre/hectare |
1583 |
610 |
531-623 |
— |
— |
— |
531-1583 |
Increase of oil yield due to antidote effect of Albit, litre/hectare |
297 |
122-258 |
81-113 |
— |
— |
— |
81-297 |
Increase of oil yield provided by using of each ml
of Albit, litre |
6.0 |
4.3 |
1.3-1.9 |
— |
— |
— |
1.3-6.0 |
Tested application rates of Albit, litre/hectare |
0.05 |
0.03-0.06 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
0.05 |
0.03-0.07 |
0.03-0.07 |
Optimal application rates (in terms of antidote activity), litre/hectare |
0.05 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
0.05 |
0.05-0.07 |
0.05-0.07 |
(—) no data
Albit increases rape yield quality. In conducted trials Albit
also increased oil content of seeds by 0.2-3.6 abs. %, oil
yield by 82.7-297 L/ha, increased weight of 1000 seeds by 0.08-45.3
g, amount of beans per 1 plant by 6.8-41.8 pcs, weight of seeds per 1 plant
by 0.68-3.8 g.
On winter rape var. F1 Prometei Albit was applied
2 fold for foliar spraying. The following results were observed: increasing
the number of pods per plant, weigh of 1000 grains, plant height (data of Belarusian
State Agricultural Academy, 2013-2015). Yield increase of seeds was 18.3-23.7%
vs. control. In addition, oil content increased by 10-11% (3.5-3.6 abs. %).
Presence of chlorophyll in the seeds of canola (rapeseed) is a severe issue. The problem is particularly acute in the northern areas of cultivation, where the seeds don’t have time to develop properly due to the short growing season. Removing chlorophyll from canola oil has high costs. However, it has been proven that application of Albit reduces the chlorophyll content in canola seeds.
For example, in the trial that took place in the Institute for Plant Breeding (Jogeva, Estonia, 2011), Albit reduced chlorophyll content of the seeds by 31.2%. Another experiment at the Vastankvarn experimental station (Finland, 2012) showed that the application of pesticides increased the chlorophyll content in the seeds of winter rapeseed by almost seven times relative to the control; then, a single treatment with Albit (60 ml/ha) reduced this figure by 34%. Double treatment with Albit reduced the chlorophyll content by 84%, almost down to the control level (Fig. 7). Seemingly, Albit’s ability to accelerate the maturing of the crop is what causes this effect.
Fig. 7. The effect of single and double treatments with 60 ml/ha of Albit on the yield, oil content and chlorophyll content in seeds of winter rapeseed (Vastankvarn Experimental Station, Finland, 2012)
In conducted trials, Albit has immunizing effect against
many diseases: biological efficacy of Albit against fusariose, blackspot, sclerotinia,
black leg – 48%, 21-79%, 31-75% and 50-67%, respectively.
According to data of University of Applied Sciences South Westphalia (Germany,
2014), Albit increases plant resistance to infestation by downy mildew (Fig.
8).
Fig. 8. Influence of Albit on infestation of spring rape by downy mildew.
Plants were treated with Albit 3 days after artificial infestation. Photo was
made 30 days after infestation (University of Applied Sciences South Westphalia,
Germany, 2014)
In the following Table, you may see all reports on
performance of Albit on rape, available
in English. For all available
reports, please see corresponding table on the Russian
webpage
¹ |
Year |
Country |
Region |
Institute / Farm |
Report |
1 |
2015 |
Estonia |
|
Margus Lepp Farm |
|
2 |
2014 |
Germany |
Soest |
South Westphalia University of
Applied Sciences |
|
3 |
2013 |
Latvia |
Priekuli |
State Priekuli Plant Breeding
Institute (SPPB) |
|
4 |
2012-2013 |
Czech Republic |
Kromeriz |
Agricultural Research Institute
Kromeriz |
|
5 |
2012 |
Finland |
Inkoo |
Västankvarn experimental station |
|
6 |
2011-2012 |
Latvia |
Stende |
State Stende Cereal Breeding
Institute |
|
7 |
2011-2012 |
Switzerland |
Vuillerens |
Rudolf Steiner Farm |
|
8 |
2011 |
Estonia |
Jogeva |
Jogeva Plant Breeding Institute |
|
9 |
2011 |
Finland |
Inkoo |
Västankvarn experimental station |
|
10 |
2010-2011 |
Czech Republic |
Prague |
Union of Oilseeds Growers and
Processors |
|
11 |
2009-2010 |
Czech Republic |
Prague |
Union of Oilseeds Growers and
Processors |
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