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White cabbage |
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Materials used in this chapter were published in the book Biostimulant Albit for
increasing yields and protection of agricultures against diseases, A.K. Zlotnikov,
Ed. Prof. À. Melkumova. All-Russia Institute of Plant Protection, Russia, 2006.
Influence of Albit on white cabbage was examined in trials of All-Russia Institute
of Vegetable Selection and Seed Breeding and Vladimir Regional Plant Protection station
(Moscow and Vladimir oblasts) on mid-season cabbage var. Slava ( in 2001, 2003)
and late-season cabbage var . Ekstra (2004). Besides scientific trials, Albit
demonstrated good efficiency in agricultural practice of farms of Vladimir, Moscow and
Nizhniy Novgorod oblasts.
According to results of these trials, treatment with Albit increased total
yield of cabbage by 37.1-83.3 centners/hectare (12% over control on average),
average weight, similarity and marketability of cabbage heads, germination and germination
power by 3-7%, improved quality of seedlings: increased weight and height of seedlings
averagely by 11.5 and 21.5% respectively.
Albit increased resistance of cabbage to Olpidium root rot (BE is 20–40 %), and
bacterial black rot (BE 34–100%). Fungicidal activity of Albit is detected at the
disease prevalence of 4-13%. Albit is registered in Russia as fungicide
against bacterial black rot. It is necessary to note, that there is no any reliable
chemical mean of protection against this disease (pathogenic agent Xanthomonas
campestris (Pam.) Dowson) yet. However, immunizing treatments of cabbage fields
with Albit are quite effective. In the conducted field trials, economical or biological
effectiveness of Albit was not inferior to that of standard formulations based on
Pseudomonas aureofaciens and its metabolites.
To obtain maximal effectiveness of Albit treatments, it is necessary to combine
presowing seed treatment and 2-3 foliar sprayings. First foliar
spraying should be performed when plants have 3-5 real leaves (adaptation of
seedlings), the next ones – with 2 week interval. Recommended application rates
of Albit are 1 ml/kg of seeds, 50 ml/hectare of cabbage field. Cabbage grown
on smal plots might be sprayed with Albit solution, 1 ml/10L of water, 4 liters/100
m 2. In this case, the plants can be simply watered with Albit solution, providing
full moistening of leaves.
Presowing treatment of cabbage seeds with Albit (soaking in
1 ml/L Albit solution for several hours) increases germination, decreases
infestation with Olpidium root rot and considerably improves growing and
adaptation of seedlings. In trials of All-Russia Institute of Vegetable
Selection and Seed Breeding (2003), presowing seed treatment of cabbage in
Albit solution increased germination by 5%, germination power by 3%, and
improved quality of seedlings: average height of seedlings was increased by
1.4 cm, number of leaves by 0.6, weight of overground parts of seedlings by
0.5 g, diameter of the largest leaf by 0.6-0.7 cm.
Foliar spraying of cabbage considerably increases effectiveness
of presowing seed treatment, and can be used separately, if necessary. For example,
in trials of All-Russia Institute of Vegetable Selection and Seed Breeding (2001),
presowing treatment provided yield increase of 9% over control, whereas combination
with following foliar spraying increased yield by 14%. In trial of Vladimir Regional
Plant Protection Station (2004), double foliar spraying with Albit under field
conditions (in stages of seedlings rootage and head forming) without preceding
presowing seed treatment provided yield increase of 50 centners/hectare (16.7%
over control).
Albit can be used in mixes with insecticides used in scheduled
treatments (foliar sprayings) against crucifer flea beetles, aphids, larvae of
lepidopterous insects, etc. Combination of Albit treatments with scheduled insecticidal
treatments not only reduces using of machinery, but also relieves toxic effect of
insecticides on cabbage and immunizes plants against bacterial black rot. Schedule
of application of Albit can be be adjusted corresponding to application recommendations
of insecticides.
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